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| /*****************************************************************/
/* This program is for grouping in speech segregation using */
/* Terman-Wang oscillators. These equations are solved */
/* in the sigular limit (Linsay-Wang), and the potential is */
/* included here. Real signals. by DeLiang Wang, 8/97 */
/*****************************************************************/
#include "mex.h"
#include "group.h"
#define MAXVAL 32768.0
/* 2147483648.0 or 32768.0,machine (HP or SUN) dependable*/
#define MAX 32767 /* 2147483647 or 32767, machine dependable */
float Gamma = 6.5; /* CAREFUL: this value offset Wz = 1.5 */
float alpha = 5.0;
float theta = -0.5;
float lambda = 0.1; /* rate of developing potential */
float time = 0.0; /* global time */
float rnd(), getx(), getxx(), lateral();
int Hp[N1][N2]; /* argument to the Heaviside for potential */
int Num = 0, longseg; /* number of major phase updates */
float y[N1][N2],cubic[N1][N2],p[N1][N2],show[M][STEPS];
float shows[Ms][STEPS], showp[Mp][STEPS];
float W[N1][N2][N1]; /* strength of the interactions */
float input[N1][N2]; /* overall input an oscillator receives */
float We = 0.5, Wi = -0.5; /* We: total excit weight; C: count */
int branch[N1][N2], ext[N1][N2], ext2[N1][N2], segment[SEG][2];
int speech[N1][N2], phone[N1][N2]; /* for storing and display */
int chance[SEG], jumpup[SEG];
/* branch: keeps track of whether an oscillator is on LB or RB */
/* ext2: segment information */
void inputs(void)
{
FILE *fopen(), *finput, *fout;
int i, j, k, l, maxy, temp, temp1, temp2, label[N1];
int width, height, c;
char magic[25];
float stim = 0.2;
for (i = 0; i < N1; i++)
for (j = 0; j < N2; j++)
input[i][j] = -10.0;
finput = fopen("v8n6.pitchmask.pgm", "r");
fscanf(finput,"%s\n%d %d\n%d\n",magic,&width,&height,&c);
for(j=0;j<N2;j++)
for(i=0;i<N1;i++)
fscanf(finput, "%d",&ext[i][j]);
finput = fopen("v8n6-seg.pgm", "r");
fscanf(finput,"%s\n%d %d\n%d\n",magic,&width,&height,&c);
for(i=0;i<N1;i++)
for(j=0;j<N2;j++)
fscanf(finput, "%d",&ext2[N1-1-i][j]);
/* for storing and display purposes */
finput = fopen("Snap1", "r");
for(i=0;i<N1;i++)
for(j=0;j<N2;j++)
fscanf(finput, "%d",&speech[i][j]);
finput = fopen("Snap2", "r");
for(i=0;i<N1;i++)
for(j=0;j<N2;j++)
fscanf(finput, "%d",&phone[i][j]);
/* masking by segments */
for(i=0;i<N1;i++)
for(j=0;j<N2;j++)
if (ext2[i][j] == 0)
ext[i][j] = 0;
/*
fout = fopen("phone1", "w");
for(i=0;i<N1;i++)
for(j=0;j<N2;j++)
fprintf(fout, "%d ",ext[i][j]);
fclose(fout);
fout = fopen("phone2", "w");
for(i=0;i<N1;i++)
for(j=0;j<N2;j++)
fprintf(fout, "%d ",ext2[i][j]);
fclose(fout);
*/
/* identify longest segment and clip accordingly */
for (i = 0; i < SEG; i++) {
segment[i][0] = N2;
segment[i][1] = 0;
}
for (i = 0; i < N1; i++)
for (j = 0; j < N2; j++) {
temp = ext2[i][j];
if (segment[temp][0] > j)
segment[temp][0] = j;
if (segment[temp][1] < j)
segment[temp][1] = j;
}
maxy = 0;
for (i = 1; i < SEG; i++) /* excluding the background */
if (segment[i][1] - segment[i][0] + 1 > maxy) {
maxy = segment[i][1] - segment[i][0] + 1;
longseg = i;
}
mexprintf("longest segment is %d, and has columns %d\n", longseg, maxy);
for (j = 0; j < segment[longseg][0]; j++)
for (i = 0; i < N1; i++)
ext[i][j] = 0;
for (j = segment[longseg][1] + 1; j < N2; j++)
for (i = 0; i < N1; i++)
ext[i][j] = 0;
/* recompute segment lengths */
k = segment[longseg][0]; l = segment[longseg][1];
for (i = 0; i < SEG; i++) {
segment[i][0] = N2;
segment[i][1] = 0;
}
for (i = 0; i < N1; i++)
for (j = k; j <= l; j++) {
temp = ext2[i][j];
if (segment[temp][0] > j)
segment[temp][0] = j;
if (segment[temp][1] < j)
segment[temp][1] = j;
}
for (i = 1; i < SEG; i++)
if (segment[i][1] - segment[i][0] < 2) { /* threshold out <3-frame seg */
for(k=0;k<N1;k++) /* caused by clipping */
for(l=0;l<N2;l++)
if (ext2[k][l] == i)
ext[k][l] = 0;
}
for(i=0;i<N1;i++)
for(j=0;j<N2;j++)
if (ext[i][j] > 0)
input[i][j] = stim;
/* smoothen within each column of each segment */
for (j = segment[longseg][0]; j <= segment[longseg][1]; j++) {
for (i = 0; i < N1; i++)
label[i] = 0;
for (i = 0; i < N1; i++)
if (label[i] == 0 && ext[i][j] > 0) {
temp = ext2[i][j]; temp1 = temp2 = 0;
for (k = 0; k < N1; k++)
if (ext2[k][j] == temp) {
if (ext[k][j] == 1)
temp1++;
else if (ext[k][j] == 2)
temp2++;
}
for (k = 0; k < N1; k++)
if (ext2[k][j] == temp && ext[k][j] > 0) {
label[k] = 1;
if (temp1 > temp2)
ext[k][j] = 1;
else
ext[k][j] = 2;
}
}
}
fout = fopen("phone3", "w");
for(i=0;i<N1;i++)
for(j=0;j<N2;j++)
fprintf(fout, "%d ",ext[i][j]);
fclose(fout);
/* high "potential" */
input[8][N2/2] = 0.21; /* 20 for v3n6; 8 for v8n6 */
mexprintf("The segment number with high potential is %d\n", ext2[8][N2/2]);
}
void connections(void)
{
int i, j, k; /* e: excitatory; i: inhibitory; l: lateral */
for (i = 0; i < N1; i++) {
for (j = segment[longseg][0]; j <= segment[longseg][1]; j++) {
for (k = 0; k < N1; k++) /* initialize connections */
W[i][j][k] = 0.0;
if (ext[i][j] == 1) {
for (k = 0; k < N1; k++)
if (k != i && ext2[k][j] != ext2[i][j] ) {
if (ext[k][j] == 1)
W[i][j][k] = We;
else if (ext[k][j] == 2)
W[i][j][k] = Wi;
}
}
else if (ext[i][j] == 2)
for (k = 0; k < N1; k++)
if (k != i && ext2[k][j] != ext2[i][j] ) {
if (ext[k][j] == 2)
W[i][j][k] = We;
else if (ext[k][j] == 1)
W[i][j][k] = Wi;
}
}
}
mexprintf("weights are \n");
mexprintf("weights are \n");
mexprintf("W[0][0] are %f %f\n", W[0][0][1], W[0][0][2]);
mexprintf("W[1][4] are %f %f\n", W[1][4][0], W[1][4][2]);
mexprintf("W[2][6] are %f %f\n", W[2][6][0], W[2][6][1]);
mexprintf("\n");
}
void initiate(void)
{
int i,j,seed,counts,countp; /* labels for setting up display intervals */
float angle, temp;
mexprintf("Input a seed now\n"); /* 2342 for potential; 111 no potent.*/
scanf("%d",&seed);
srand(seed);
/* randomize the initial phases */
temp = 2.0*Gamma*rnd();
for (i = 0; i < N1; i++)
for (j = 0; j < N2; j++) { /* Initial phases */
if (ext[i][j] > 0)
y[i][j] = temp + input[i][j];
else
y[i][j] = 2.0*Gamma*rnd();
branch[i][j] = 0;
/*
p[i][j] = 0.0;
Hp[i][j] = 0;
*/
cubic[i][j] = input[i][j];
}
for (i = 0; i < SEG; i++) {
chance[i] = 1;
jumpup[i] = 0;
}
/* initial display values for 1D */
for (i = 0; i < N1; i = i+2)
show[i/2][0] = getxx(y[i][COL]-cubic[i][COL], 0);
/* initial display values for two storage arrays */
counts = countp = 0; /* for collecting display data for two streams */
for (i = 0; i < N1; i++)
for (j = 0; j < N2; j++) {
if (speech[i][j] && (counts%20 == 0))
shows[counts/20][0] = getxx(y[i][j]-cubic[i][j],0);
else if (phone[i][j] && (countp%20 == 0))
showp[countp/20][0] = getxx(y[i][j]-cubic[i][j],0);
if (speech[i][j])
counts++;
else if (phone[i][j])
countp++;
}
/* initial display values for 2D */
/*
for (i = 0; i < N1; i++)
for (j = 0; j < N2; j++)
show[N2*i+j][0] = getxx(y[i][j]-cubic[i][j], 0);
*/
}
findtmin(tmin, mu, ilead, jlead)
float *tmin, *mu;
int *ilead, *jlead;
/* Find shortest time-to-knee when no oscillator is ready to jump */
{
int i, j, il, jl, ir, jr;
float temp, minl = MAXVAL, minr = MAXVAL, yknee;
for (i = 0; i < N1; i++)
for (j = segment[longseg][0]; j <= segment[longseg][1]; j++) {
if (branch[i][j]) { /* on RB */
yknee = (y[i][j]-2.0*Gamma)/(cubic[i][j]+4.0-2.0*Gamma);
if (yknee < minr && yknee > 0.0) /* exclude stable fixed point */
{minr = yknee; ir = i; jr = j;}
}
else { /* on LB */
yknee = y[i][j]/cubic[i][j];
if (yknee < minl && yknee > 0.0) /* exclude stable fixed point */
{minl = yknee; il = i; jl = j;}
}
}
if (minl < 1.0)
{*tmin = 0.0; *mu = 1.0; *ilead = il; *jlead = jl;}
else if (minr < 1.0)
{*tmin = 0.0; *mu = 1.0; *ilead = ir; *jlead = jr;}
else {
*tmin = log(minl);
*mu = minl;
*ilead = il;
*jlead = jl;
temp = log(minr);
if (temp < *tmin) {
*tmin = temp;
*mu = minr;
*ilead = ir; *jlead = jr;
}
}
}
void jump(void) /* activity at the jump (up or down) time */
{
int i, j, k, l, count, jumped = 1, Tij = 2, flag = 1, cat[N1][N2];
/* Tij: permanent weight */
int temp, curseg;
float We1 = 4.0, We2 = 0.1;
while (jumped) {
jumped = 0;
for (i = 0; i < N1; i++)
for (j = 0; j < N2; j++)
cat[i][j] = 0;
for (i = 0; i < N1; i++)
for (j = segment[longseg][0]; j <= segment[longseg][1]; j++)
if (ext[i][j] > 0 && ext2[i][j] > 0) {
/* compute net input */
if (p[i][j] > theta)
/* thrshld for exp(-alpha*t) */
cubic[i][j] = input[i][j];
else
cubic[i][j] = baseline;
/* update cubics within each segment */
count = 0;
curseg = ext2[i][j];
for (k = segment[curseg][0]; k <= segment[curseg][1]; k++) {
temp = 0;
for (l = 0; l < N1; l++)
if (ext2[l][k] == ext2[i][j] && branch[l][k])
temp = 1;
if (temp == 1)
count++;
}
temp = ext2[i][j];
if (ext[i][j]>0 && count>(1+segment[temp][1]-segment[temp][0])/2)
/* strict majarity rule: >; less >= (1+.) */
cubic[i][j] += We1;
else if (ext[i][j] > 0
&& segment[temp][1] == segment[temp][0]+count*2-1) {
/* break symmetry */
if (chance[curseg])
cubic[i][j] += We2;
else
cubic[i][j] += We1;
}
else if (ext[i][j] > 0 && count > 0)
cubic[i][j] += We2;
/* update cubics within each column */
if (branch[i][j] == 0)
cubic[i][j] += lateral(i,j);
if (!branch[i][j] && y[i][j]<cubic[i][j]+error) { /* jump up */
cat[i][j] = 1;
jumped = 1;
cubic[i][j] -= lateral(i,j);
jumpup[curseg] = 1;
} else if (branch[i][j] && y[i][j]>cubic[i][j]+4.0-error) {
/* jump down */
cat[i][j] = -1;
jumped = 1;
cubic[i][j] += lateral(i,j);
}
}
for (i = 0; i < N1; i++)
for (j = 0; j < N2; j++) { /* update jumps */
if (cat[i][j] > 0)
branch[i][j] = 1;
else if (cat[i][j] < 0)
branch[i][j] = 0;
}
}
for (i = 1; i < SEG; i++)
if (jumpup[i]) {
temp = 0;
for (k = segment[i][0]; k <= segment[i][1]; k++)
for (l = 0; l < N1; l++)
if (ext2[l][k] == i && branch[l][k])
temp = 1;
if (temp == 0) {
chance[i] = 1 - chance[i];
jumpup[i] = 0;
}
}
/* compute Hp[i][j] */
/*
for (i = 0; i < N1; i++)
for (j = 0; j < N2; j++) {
Hp[i][j] = 0;
if (i-1 >= 0 && branch[i-1][j])
Hp[i][j] += Tij;
if (i+1 < N1 && branch[i+1][j])
Hp[i][j] += Tij;
if (j-1 >= 0 && branch[i][j-1])
Hp[i][j] += Tij;
if (j+1 < N2 && branch[i][j+1])
Hp[i][j] += Tij;
if (Hp[i][j] > 7)
Hp[i][j] = 1;
else
Hp[i][j] = 0;
}
*/
}
void evaluate(void)
{
float intv, mu, current, length, xval, yval, angle, temp, cat;
int ilead, jlead, num; /* leading oscillator, and no of jumpers */
int counts, countp; /* counts for speech and phone respectively */
int i,j,step,bef,aft; /* labels for setting up display intervals */
FILE *outf, *fopen();
outf = fopen("Out", "w");
bef = 0;
length = delta*(STEPS-1); /* reduce one step to facilitate display */
while (time < length) {
findtmin(&intv, &mu, &ilead, &jlead);
aft = (time+intv)/delta;
/* store for display in 1d case*/
for (step = bef; step < aft && step < STEPS-1; step++) {
for (i = 0; i < N1; i = i+2) {
temp = -((1.0+step)*delta - time);
if (branch[i][COL])
yval = (y[i][COL] - 2*Gamma)*exp(temp) + 2*Gamma - cubic[i][COL];
else
yval = y[i][COL]*exp(temp) - cubic[i][COL];
show[i/2][step+1] = getxx(yval,branch[i][COL]);
}
counts = countp = 0; /* for collecting display data for two streams */
for (i = 0; i < N1; i++)
for (j = 0; j < N2; j++) {
if (speech[i][j] && (counts%20 == 0)) {
temp = -((1.0+step)*delta - time);
if (branch[i][j])
yval = (y[i][j] - 2*Gamma)*exp(temp) + 2*Gamma - cubic[i][j];
else
yval = y[i][j]*exp(temp) - cubic[i][j];
shows[counts/20][step+1] = getxx(yval,branch[i][j]);
} else if (phone[i][j] && (countp%20 == 0)) {
temp = -((1.0+step)*delta - time);
if (branch[i][j])
yval = (y[i][j] - 2*Gamma)*exp(temp) + 2*Gamma - cubic[i][j];
else
yval = y[i][j]*exp(temp) - cubic[i][j];
showp[countp/20][step+1] = getxx(yval,branch[i][j]);
}
if (speech[i][j])
counts++;
else if (phone[i][j])
countp++;
}
}
/* store for display in 2d case*/
/*
for (step = bef; step < aft && step < STEPS-1; step++) {
for (i = 0; i < N1; i++)
for (j = 0; j < N2; j++) {
temp = -((1.0+step)*delta - time);
if (branch[i][j])
yval = (y[i][j] - 2*Gamma)*exp(temp) + 2*Gamma - cubic[i][j];
else
yval = y[i][j]*exp(temp) - cubic[i][j];
show[N2*i+j][step+1] = getxx(yval,branch[i][j]);
}
}
*/
for (i = 0; i < N1; i++) /* advance oscillators */
for (j = 0; j < N2; j++) {
if (branch[i][j])
y[i][j] = (y[i][j]-2.0*Gamma)/mu + 2.0*Gamma;
else
y[i][j] = y[i][j]/mu;
}
/* update oscillator potential */
/*
for (i = 0; i < N1; i++)
for (j = 0; j < N2; j++)
if (Hp[i][j] && input[i][j] > 0.0)
p[i][j] = 1.0-(1.0-p[i][j])/mu;
*/
if (branch[ilead][jlead]) {
branch[ilead][jlead] = 0;
/* priming(jlead);*/
cubic[ilead][jlead] += lateral(ilead,jlead);
}
else {
branch[ilead][jlead] = 1;
/* priming(jlead);*/
cubic[ilead][jlead] -= lateral(ilead,jlead);
}
jump(); /* fast time activity */
Num++;
mexprintf("Num = %d, time = %f, intv = %f\n", Num, time, intv);
for(i=0;i<N1;i++)
for(j=0;j<N2;j++)
fprintf(outf, "%d ",branch[i][j]);
time += intv;
bef = aft;
}
fclose(outf);
}
void store(void)
{
int i,j,t,count;
float max_v = 0.0, min_v = 0.0;
FILE *outfile,*out,*fopen();
outfile = fopen("Output", "w");
out = fopen("NUMBER", "w");
fprintf(out, "%d ", Num);
mexprintf("The number of the segments/cycles is %d\n", Num);
/*
for (i = 0; i < M; i++)
for (t = 0; t < STEPS; t++) {
if (show[i][t] > max_v)
max_v = show[i][t];
if (show[i][t] < min_v)
min_v = show[i][t];
}
*/
for (i = 0; i < Ms; i++)
for (t = 0; t < STEPS; t++) {
if (shows[i][t] > max_v)
max_v = shows[i][t];
if (shows[i][t] < min_v)
min_v = shows[i][t];
}
for (i = 0; i < Mp; i++)
for (t = 0; t < STEPS; t++) {
if (showp[i][t] > max_v)
max_v = showp[i][t];
if (showp[i][t] < min_v)
min_v = showp[i][t];
}
mexprintf("Maximum is %f, Minimum is %f\n", max_v, min_v);
for (i = 0; i < M; i++)
for (t = 0; t < STEPS; t++)
fprintf(outfile, "%f ", (show[i][t]-min_v)/(max_v-min_v));
fclose(outfile);
/*
outfile = fopen("Speech", "w");
for (i = 0; i < Ms; i++)
for (t = 0; t < STEPS; t++)
fprintf(outfile, "%f ", (shows[i][t]-min_v)/(max_v-min_v));
fclose(outfile);
outfile = fopen("Phone", "w");
for (i = 0; i < Mp; i++)
for (t = 0; t < STEPS; t++)
fprintf(outfile, "%f ", (showp[i][t]-min_v)/(max_v-min_v));
fclose(outfile);
*/
fclose(out);
void mexFunction(int nlhs, mxArray *plhs[],
int nrhs, const mxArray *prhs[])
{
inputs();
connections();
initiate();
evaluate();
store();
}
float rnd() /* returning a value in (0, 1) */
{
return(rand()/(MAXVAL - 1.0));
}
float lateral(i,j) /* determine lateral connections */
int i, j;
{
int k;
float temp1 = 0.0, temp2 = 0.0, base = 0.05;
for (k = 0; k < N1; k++)
if (k != i && ext2[k][j] != ext2[i][j] && branch[k][j] && ext[i][j] > 0) {
if (W[i][j][k] > base)
temp1 = We;
else if (W[i][j][k] < -base)
temp2 = Wi;
}
if (temp2 < -base)
return(Wi);
else if (temp1 > base)
return(We);
else return(0.0);
}
float getxx(y,br) /* br: branch */
float y;
int br;
{
float temp, cat;
/* solving cubic equation */
cat = -0.5*(y-2.0);
if (y > 0.0 && y < 4.0) {
temp = acos(cat);
if (br)
return(2*cos(temp/3.0));
else
return(2*cos(temp/3.0+0.66*3.1416));
} else {
temp = 0.5*sqrt(y*y-4.0*y);
if (cat - temp > 0.0)
return(pow(cat+temp,0.333) + pow(cat-temp,0.333));
else if (cat + temp > 0.0)
return(pow(cat+temp,0.333) - pow(-cat+temp,0.333));
else
return(-pow(-cat-temp,0.333) - pow(-cat+temp,0.333));
}
}
float getx(y,br) /* piecewise linear version */
float y;
int br;
{
if (y > 0.0 && y < 4.0) {
if (br)
return(-0.25*y+2.0);
else
return(-0.25*y-1.0);
} else {
if (y > 0.0)
return(-0.25*y-1.0);
else
return(-0.25*y+2.0);
}
} |
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